@import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Public+Sans:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;1,400&family=Source+Serif+4:ital,opsz,wght@0,8..60,400;0,8..60,600;0,8..60,700;1,8..60,400&display=swap");

/* =========================================================================
   Journal style sheet for OJS 3.5 (Default theme)
   Upload at: Settings > Website > Appearance > Advanced > Journal style sheet
   Presentation only. No journal data (issues, articles, users) is touched.
   To undo: delete the uploaded style sheet.
   ========================================================================= */

:root {
  --j-navy: #14213d;
  --j-navy-2: #1c2f55;
  --j-blue: #1f4e8c;
  --j-gold: #c8962e;
  --j-gold-dark: #a87a1d;
  --j-ink: #1e2633;
  --j-muted: #5b6475;
  --j-rule: #dce2ea;
  --j-tint: #f4f6f9;
  --j-serif: "Source Serif 4", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --j-sans: "Public Sans", system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Arial, sans-serif;
  --j-radius: 4px;
}

/* ---------- Base ---------- */
body {
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--j-ink);
  font-family: var(--j-sans);
}
.pkp_structure_main p,
.pkp_structure_main li {
  line-height: 1.65;
}
.pkp_structure_main h1,
.pkp_structure_main h2,
.pkp_structure_main h3,
.pkp_structure_main h4 {
  font-family: var(--j-serif);
  color: var(--j-navy);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.25;
}
.pkp_structure_main a {
  color: var(--j-blue);
  text-underline-offset: 2px;
}
.pkp_structure_main a:hover,
.pkp_structure_main a:focus {
  color: var(--j-navy);
}
a:focus-visible,
button:focus-visible,
input:focus-visible,
select:focus-visible,
textarea:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--j-gold);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}
.pkp_structure_main blockquote {
  margin: 1.2em 0;
  padding: 0.4em 0 0.4em 1.2em;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--j-gold);
  color: var(--j-muted);
  font-family: var(--j-serif);
  font-style: italic;
}
.pkp_structure_main table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 1em 0;
  font-size: 0.95em;
}
.pkp_structure_main th,
.pkp_structure_main td {
  border: 1px solid var(--j-rule);
  padding: 8px 10px;
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
}
.pkp_structure_main th {
  background: var(--j-tint);
  color: var(--j-navy);
}

/* ---------- Header ---------- */
.pkp_structure_head {
  background: var(--j-navy);
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--j-gold);
}
.pkp_structure_head .pkp_site_name .is_text,
.pkp_structure_head .pkp_site_name .is_text:hover,
.pkp_structure_head .pkp_site_name .is_text:focus {
  color: #fff;
  font-family: var(--j-serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.pkp_site_name .is_img img {
  max-height: 84px;
}

/* Brand badge (added by the header script when there is no logo image) */
.jx-brand {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
}
.jx-acr {
  font-family: var(--j-serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 2.1rem;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: #fff;
  padding-right: 16px;
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
}
.jx-name {
  font-family: var(--j-sans);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: #dfe6f2;
  max-width: 26em;
  white-space: normal;
}

/* Desktop navigation */
@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pkp_structure_head .pkp_navigation_primary_row {
    background: var(--j-navy-2);
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a {
    color: #fff;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:hover,
  .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:focus {
    color: #fff;
    border-bottom-color: var(--j-gold);
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary ul {
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid var(--j-rule);
    border-top: 3px solid var(--j-gold);
    border-radius: 0 0 var(--j-radius) var(--j-radius);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(20, 33, 61, 0.18);
    padding: 6px 0;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary ul a {
    color: var(--j-ink);
    border-left: 0;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary ul a:hover,
  .pkp_navigation_primary ul a:focus {
    background: var(--j-tint);
    color: var(--j-blue);
  }
  .pkp_navigation_search_wrapper a {
    color: #fff;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_search_wrapper a:hover,
  .pkp_navigation_search_wrapper a:focus {
    color: var(--j-gold);
    border-color: transparent;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_user > li > a {
    color: #dfe6f2;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_user > li > a:hover,
  .pkp_navigation_user > li > a:focus {
    color: #fff;
  }
}
#navigationUser .dropdown-menu a {
  color: var(--j-ink);
}
#navigationUser .dropdown-menu a:hover,
#navigationUser .dropdown-menu a:focus {
  background: var(--j-tint);
  color: var(--j-blue);
}
.pkp_navigation_user .task_count {
  background: var(--j-gold);
  color: var(--j-navy);
}

/* Mobile navigation */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .pkp_structure_head .pkp_site_nav_menu {
    background: var(--j-navy);
  }
  .pkp_structure_head .pkp_site_nav_menu a {
    color: #fff;
  }
  .pkp_structure_head .pkp_navigation_primary ul a {
    color: #dfe6f2;
  }
  .jx-brand {
    gap: 10px;
  }
  .jx-acr {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    padding-right: 10px;
  }
  .jx-name {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .jx-name {
    display: none;
  }
}

/* ---------- Homepage banner (added by the header script) ---------- */
.jx-hero {
  background: var(--j-navy);
  color: #fff;
}
.jx-hero-in {
  max-width: 1160px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 52px 30px 56px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.7fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 56px;
  align-items: end;
}
.jx-hero-title {
  font-family: var(--j-serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3.4vw, 2.8rem);
  line-height: 1.12;
  color: #fff;
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 22em;
}
.jx-hero-rule {
  display: block;
  width: 64px;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--j-gold);
  margin: 20px 0;
}
.jx-hero-desc {
  color: #c9d3e3;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  max-width: 60ch;
  margin: 0 0 24px;
}
.jx-search {
  display: flex;
  max-width: 520px;
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: var(--j-radius);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.jx-search input {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
  border: 0;
  padding: 12px 14px;
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--j-ink);
  background: #fff;
}
.jx-search button {
  border: 0;
  background: var(--j-gold);
  color: var(--j-navy);
  font: inherit;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0 22px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.jx-search button:hover,
.jx-search button:focus {
  background: #dcaa45;
}
.jx-links {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 0 32px;
  border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}
.jx-links li {
  margin: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.jx-links li:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}
.jx-links a {
  display: block;
  padding: 11px 0;
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.jx-links a:hover,
.jx-links a:focus {
  color: var(--j-gold);
}
.jx-links .jx-primary a {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  padding: 11px 20px;
  background: var(--j-gold);
  color: var(--j-navy);
  font-weight: 700;
  border-radius: var(--j-radius);
}
.jx-links .jx-primary a:hover,
.jx-links .jx-primary a:focus {
  background: #dcaa45;
  color: var(--j-navy);
}
.jx-links .jx-primary {
  border-bottom: 0;
}
@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .jx-hero-in {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 28px;
    padding: 36px 20px 40px;
  }
  .jx-links {
    padding-left: 0;
    border-left: 0;
  }
}
.pkp_structure_content {
  padding-top: 28px;
}

/* ---------- Sidebar ---------- */
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block {
  background: var(--j-tint);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--j-navy);
  padding: 18px 20px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block .title {
  font-family: var(--j-serif);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--j-navy);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block .content ul li {
  padding: 5px 0;
}
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block a {
  color: var(--j-blue);
}
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block.block_make_submission {
  background: none;
  border-top: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.pkp_block.block_make_submission a.block_make_submission_link {
  display: block;
  text-align: center;
  background: var(--j-gold);
  color: var(--j-navy);
  font-weight: 700;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: var(--j-radius);
  padding: 13px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.pkp_block.block_make_submission a.block_make_submission_link:hover,
.pkp_block.block_make_submission a.block_make_submission_link:focus {
  background: var(--j-gold-dark);
  color: #fff;
}

/* ---------- Issues and article lists ---------- */
.page_index_journal .homepage_image img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}
.obj_issue_toc .sections .section > h2,
.obj_issue_toc .sections .section > h3 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--j-rule);
}
.cmp_article_list > li {
  padding: 16px 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--j-rule);
}
.cmp_article_list > li:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}
.obj_article_summary .title {
  font-family: var(--j-serif);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.obj_article_summary .title a {
  color: var(--j-navy);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.obj_article_summary .title a:hover,
.obj_article_summary .title a:focus {
  color: var(--j-blue);
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.obj_article_summary .subtitle {
  color: var(--j-muted);
  font-weight: 400;
}
.obj_article_summary .meta {
  color: var(--j-muted);
  font-size: 0.93rem;
}
.obj_galley_link {
  border: 1px solid var(--j-blue);
  color: var(--j-blue);
  border-radius: var(--j-radius);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.obj_galley_link:hover,
.obj_galley_link:focus {
  background: var(--j-blue);
  border-color: var(--j-blue);
  color: #fff;
}
.obj_issue_summary .title {
  font-family: var(--j-serif);
  color: var(--j-navy);
}
.obj_issue_summary .cover img,
.obj_issue_toc .heading .cover img {
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(20, 33, 61, 0.15);
}
.issues_archive > li {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--j-rule);
}

/* ---------- Article page ---------- */
.obj_article_details .page_title {
  font-size: 2rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
}
.obj_article_details .subtitle {
  font-family: var(--j-serif);
  color: var(--j-muted);
}
.obj_article_details .item .label {
  font-family: var(--j-sans);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--j-navy);
}
.obj_article_details .item.abstract p {
  font-family: var(--j-serif);
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.obj_article_details .item.authors .name {
  font-weight: 600;
}
.obj_article_details .entry_details .item {
  border-color: var(--j-rule);
}

/* ---------- Forms, buttons, notices ---------- */
.cmp_button,
.cmp_form .buttons button,
.cmp_form .buttons .submit,
button.submit {
  background: var(--j-navy);
  border: 1px solid var(--j-navy);
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: var(--j-radius);
  font-weight: 600;
  box-shadow: none;
}
.cmp_button:hover,
.cmp_form .buttons button:hover,
button.submit:hover {
  background: var(--j-blue);
  border-color: var(--j-blue);
  color: #fff;
}
.cmp_form input[type="text"]:focus,
.cmp_form input[type="email"]:focus,
.cmp_form input[type="password"]:focus,
.cmp_form textarea:focus,
.cmp_form select:focus {
  border-color: var(--j-blue);
}
.cmp_notification {
  border-left: 4px solid var(--j-gold);
  background: #fbf6ea;
}
.cmp_breadcrumbs {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--j-muted);
}

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.pkp_structure_footer_wrapper {
  background: var(--j-navy);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--j-gold);
  color: #c9d3e3;
  margin-top: 48px;
}
.pkp_structure_footer_wrapper a {
  color: #fff;
}
.pkp_brand_footer img {
  filter: brightness(0) invert(1);
  opacity: 0.55;
  max-width: 110px;
}
/* When the custom footer is inside OJS's footer, let it fill the space */
.pkp_structure_footer:has(.jx-footer) {
  max-width: none;
  padding: 0;
}
.pkp_structure_footer:has(.jx-footer) .pkp_footer_content {
  float: none;
  width: auto;
  padding: 0;
}
.pkp_structure_footer:has(.jx-footer) .pkp_brand_footer {
  float: none;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 1160px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 30px 22px;
  text-align: right;
}

/* Custom footer: self-contained, so it looks the same wherever OJS places it */
.jx-footer {
  background: var(--j-navy);
  color: #c9d3e3;
  font-family: var(--j-sans);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  clear: both;
}
.jx-footer .jx-foot,
.jx-footer .jx-foot-bottom {
  max-width: 1160px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding-left: 30px;
  padding-right: 30px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.jx-footer .jx-foot {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.5fr) minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1.3fr);
  gap: 48px;
  padding-top: 56px;
  padding-bottom: 44px;
}
.jx-footer h3 {
  font-family: var(--j-serif);
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: #fff;
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  padding: 0 0 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
}
.jx-footer h3.jx-foot-title {
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 1.28;
  border-bottom: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.jx-footer p {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  color: #c9d3e3;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.jx-footer ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.jx-footer li {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  padding: 0;
  font-size: 15px;
}
.jx-footer a {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.jx-footer ul a {
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  padding-bottom: 1px;
}
.jx-footer ul a:hover,
.jx-footer ul a:focus {
  color: #fff;
  border-bottom-color: var(--j-gold);
}
.jx-footer ul.jx-facts {
  margin-top: 6px;
}
.jx-footer ul.jx-facts li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 7.5em 1fr;
  gap: 12px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 8px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  color: #fff;
}
.jx-footer ul.jx-facts li:last-child {
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}
.jx-footer ul.jx-facts li strong {
  font-weight: 400;
  color: #9fb0c9;
}
.jx-footer .jx-foot-mail a {
  color: var(--j-gold);
  font-weight: 600;
  word-break: break-word;
}
.jx-footer .jx-foot-mail a:hover,
.jx-footer .jx-foot-mail a:focus {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.jx-footer .jx-foot-cta {
  margin-top: 22px;
}
.jx-footer .jx-foot-cta a {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 11px 20px;
  background: var(--j-gold);
  color: var(--j-navy);
  font-weight: 700;
  border-radius: var(--j-radius);
}
.jx-footer .jx-foot-cta a:hover,
.jx-footer .jx-foot-cta a:focus {
  background: #dcaa45;
  color: var(--j-navy);
}
.jx-footer .jx-foot-bottom {
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
  padding-top: 20px;
  padding-bottom: 22px;
}
.jx-footer .jx-foot-bottom p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: #9fb0c9;
}
.jx-footer .jx-foot-bottom a {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 2px;
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .jx-footer .jx-foot {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 36px;
  }
  .jx-footer .jx-foot > div:first-child {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .jx-footer .jx-foot,
  .jx-footer .jx-foot-bottom {
    padding-left: 20px;
    padding-right: 20px;
  }
  .jx-footer .jx-foot {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    padding-top: 40px;
  }
}

/* Back to top button (added by the header script) */
.jx-top {
  position: fixed;
  right: 20px;
  bottom: 20px;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: var(--j-radius);
  background: var(--j-navy);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 44px;
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(20, 33, 61, 0.3);
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity 0.2s;
  z-index: 999;
}
.jx-top.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  pointer-events: auto;
}
.jx-top:hover,
.jx-top:focus {
  background: var(--j-gold);
  color: var(--j-navy);
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  * {
    transition: none !important;
    animation: none !important;
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
  }
}

@media print {
  .jx-hero,
  .jx-top,
  .pkp_site_nav_menu,
  .pkp_structure_sidebar {
    display: none !important;
  }
  .pkp_structure_head,
  .pkp_structure_footer_wrapper {
    background: none;
    color: #000;
  }
}